2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Bcl-2 Family

Bcl-2 Family

Bcl-2 Family

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Bcl-2 is a family of evolutionarily related proteins. These proteins govern mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and can be either pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bad, Bak and Bok among others) or anti-apoptotic (including Bcl-2 proper, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w, among an assortment of others). There are a total of 25 genes in the Bcl-2 family known to date. Human genes encoding proteins that belong to this family include: Bak1, Bax, Bal-2, Bok, Mcl-1.

Bcl-2 Family Isoform Specific Products:

Bcl-2 Family Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121337R
    Flurochloridone (Standard)
    		Activator
    Flurochloridone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flurochloridone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flurochloridone (R-40244) is a selective preemergence and persistent herbicide. Flurochloridone induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. Flurochloridone impairs cell viability and induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis mediated by ER stress via activating eIF2α-ATF4/ATF6-CHOP-Bim/Bax signaling pathways in TM4 cells.
    Flurochloridone (Standard)
  • HY-W286906
    Mcl1-IN-15
    		Inhibitor
    Mcl1-IN-15 (Compound 7) is the inhibitor for myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) with an IC50 of 8.73 μM. Mcl1-IN-15 inhibits Mcl1-BH3 peptide interaction, activates the Bak/Bax-mediated apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity.
    Mcl1-IN-15
  • HY-B2046R
    Simazine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Simazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simazine (HY-B2046). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine (Standard)
  • HY-N15424
    Himachalol
    Himachalol, a sesquiterpene, is an orally active antispasmodic and anticancer constituent found in the wood of Cedrus deodara. Himachalol has anti-proliferative activity against the melanoma cells, and induces apoptosis (decreases Bcl-2 level and increases Bax level). Himachalol has systemic hypotension and peripheral vasodilation effect. Himachalol inhibits Carbachol-induced spasm of the intestine. The LD50 of Himachalol in mice is 265 mg/kg (p.o.) and 247 mg/kg (i.p.).
    Himachalol
  • HY-119009
    TM-233
    		Inhibitor
    TM-233 is an inhibitor of the JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways, exhibiting significant antitumor activity. TM-233 reduces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, and regulates its transcription by directly binding to the Mcl-1 gene promoter. Additionally, TM-233 prevents the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus by inhibiting its DNA-binding activity, thereby reducing nuclear NF-κB expression. TM-233 shows potential in overcoming Bortezomib (HY-10227) resistance and can be applied in research related to multiple myeloma.
    TM-233
  • HY-103243R
    TCPOBOP (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    TCPOBOP (Standard) is the analytical standard of TCPOBOP. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TCPOBOP is a constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonist that induces robust hepatocyte proliferation and hepatomegaly without any liver injury or tissue loss. TCPOBOP attenuates Fas-induced murine liver injury by altering Bcl-2 proteins.
    TCPOBOP (Standard)
  • HY-N2115R
    Araloside A (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Araloside A (Standard) (Chikusetsusaponin IV (Standard)), triterpenoid saponins, is an orally active component of Aralia elata. Araloside A (Standard) shows low-renin-inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 77.4 μM. Araloside A (Standard) can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Araloside A (Standard) suppresses inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 production. Araloside A (Standard) can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as renal cell carcinoma and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Araloside A (Standard)
  • HY-P0300
    Bak BH3
    		Antagonist
    Bak BH3 is derived from the BH3 domain of Bak, can antagonize the function of Bcl-xL in cells.
    Bak BH3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download Bcl-2 Family Signaling Pathway Map.

Bcl-2 family members have been grouped into three classes. The anti-apoptotic subfamily contains the Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, Bfl1/A-1, and Bcl-B proteins, which suppress apoptosis and contain all four Bcl-2 homology domains, designated BH1-4. The pro-apoptotic subfamily contain BH1-3 domains, such as Bax, Bak, and Bok. A third class of BH3 only proteins Bad, Bid, Bim, Noxa and Puma have a conserved BH3 domain that can bind and regulate the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins to promote apoptosis [1].


The intrinsic pathway is initiated by various signals, principally extracellular stimuli. BH3-only proteins (Bim, Bid, Bad, Noxa, Puma) engage with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins to relieve their inhibition of Bax and Bak to activate them. Next, Bax and Bak are oligomerized and activated, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Once mitochondrial membranes are permeabilized, cytochrome c and/or Smac/DIABLO is released into the cytoplasm, wherein they combine with an adaptor molecule, Apaf-1, and an inactive initiator Caspase, Pro-caspase 9, within a multiprotein complex called the apoptosome. Smac/DIABLO inhibits IAPs to activate Caspase 9. Caspase 9 activates Caspase 3, which is the initiation step for the cascade of Caspase activation. The extrinsic pathway can be activated by cell surface receptors, such as Fas and TNF Receptor, subsequently activating Caspase 8, and leads to Caspase 3 activation and cell demolition. Caspases in turn cleave a series of substrates, activate DNases and orchestrate the demolition of the cell. Bcl-2 family proteins are also found on the endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear membrane in hematopoietic cells, but they are predominantly localized to mitochondria [2]. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Cotter TG, et al. Apoptosis and cancer: the genesis of a research field. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Jul;9(7):501-7.

[2]. Kang MH, et al. Bcl-2 inhibitors: targeting mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1126-32.

Bcl-2 Family Isoform Comparison

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